Elastic Composite Having Cross-Directional Elasticity and a System and Method for Making the Elastic Composite

ABSTRACT

A method of making an elastic composite is described that entails conveying a first sheet of material on a conveyor, and wrapping a section of elastic about the first sheet and the conveyor, thereby applying elastics cross directionally across the first sheets. A second sheet of material is applied onto the first sheet having elastics applied thereon, thereby creating a subcomposite including the first sheet, the second sheet, and elastics sandwiched therebetween, wherein a plurality of elastics extend outward from the one side of the subcomposite, about the conveyor, and return into an opposite side of the subcomposite. The sub-composite is cut through the first and second sheets and the elastics, thereby separating the sub-composite into a first carrier and a second carrier, each carrier including a first material layer and a second material layer, whereby a plurality of spaced apart elastic elements extend from the first carrier to the second carrier, the first and second carriers defining an exposed elastic region therebetween formed by the plurality of spaced apart elastic elements.

The present application is a Continuation application of U.S.application Ser. No. 12/386,677 filed on Apr. 20, 2009 (now allowed),which claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 61/124,697 filed on Apr. 18, 2008 (now expired)(which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes and made apart of the present disclosure).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to elastic composites. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to an elastic composite thatcan be used in the manufacture of a garment, other textile or fabricstructures, similar material structures, and the like, but moreparticularly, disposable absorbent articles and garments. The elasticcomposite of the present invention is well suited in providing anelastic component that can be employed in one or more areas of thedisposable absorbent article. The present invention also relates to asystem and method of making the elastic. The elastic composite and thesystem and method for making the elastic composite are particularlysuited for use with or on disposable absorbent garments or articles suchas baby diapers and training pants. To illustrate various aspects of theinvention, exemplary and preferred embodiments are described herein inthe context of disposable absorbent garments.

Disposable absorbent garments contemplated by the invention includedisposable diapers, disposable pull-on garments and training pants, andthe like. These garments are worn about the lower torso or waist of theuser so as to receive and contain urine and other bodily wastes. Thebenefits provided by the use of a disposable diaper on an infant arewell known and its use has become widespread. Disposable pull-ongarments include training pants, pull-on diapers, disposable underwear,and adult incontinence garments. As for training pants, these garmentsare used by young children to facilitate a child's transition from usingdiapers to wearing regular underpants (i.e., during toilet training).Training pants and other disposable pull-on pants have closed sides suchthat the user or caregiver raises the garment about the user's legs towear the garment and slips the garment downward about the user's legs totake it off.

The principal elements of a typical disposable absorbent garment includea liquid permeable inner layer (or topsheet), a liquid impermeable outerlayer (or backsheet), and an absorbent core sandwiched between the innerand outer layers. Elastic members may be incorporated into differentparts of the garment. For example, elastic members may be positionedlongitudinally along a diaper, generally outboard of the absorbent coreto effect a seal around the buttocks, legs, or both of the users. Inaddition, several elastic members (e.g., in the form of elongatedelastic threads or strands) may be positioned laterally throughout thewaist regions (including the side waist regions) of a disposableabsorbent garment. The resulting elastication allows the garment tostretch when it is put on and when it is worn. The elastication allowsthe garment to accommodate variations in waist size and leg size of theuser, while fitting snugly about the waist and legs.

When elastic members are incorporated into a part or area of thegarment, that part or area typically becomes a distinct, functionalcomponent of the garment. These elastic components include the sidepanels or ear portions, the waistband, and fastening tabs. The elasticcomponents to which the present invention is directed is generallyelongated, and may be a distinct portion of a larger, unitary piece, ora separate, attachable component. Furthermore, the elastic componenttypically contains one or more sections or layers in addition to theelastic members. In this regard, such an elastic component may bereferred to as an elastic composite of the type which the presentinvention is concerned.

Due in part to its multi-component construction, these elasticcomposites may require a dedicated sub-process for manufacture whichmust be accommodated by the greater garment manufacturing process.Alternatively, the elastic composite may be manufactured independentlyor simply, manufactured in a separate sub-process detached from thecentral garment manufacturing system. In either case, a source of theelastic composite may be provided as input to the garment manufacturingprocess.

In most applications, the elastic composite has a significant impact onthe fit and sealability of the garment, as well as the generalappearance and construction quality of the garment. The design andconstruction of the elastic composite can also represent a significantportion of the cost of manufacturing the garment. It is, therefore,always desirable to provide a functionally and/or aesthetically improvedelastic composite or a cost effective system and method of making theelastic composite.

It is desirable for the target elastic composite, system, and method ofmanufacturing to be practical, and provide functional or aestheticattributes. It is also desirable that the design and construction of theelastic composite have a minimal, if not positive, impact on theefficiency of present systems and methods. The design and constructionshould also have a minimal, if not positive, impact on the overallmanufacturing cost of the elastic composite or the final product.

Pending United States patent application publications US2005/0131373A1and US/2005/0139311A1 provide background information on elasticcomposites (and the manufacture of such composites) of the type relevantto the present invention. Accordingly, some portions of the publicationshave been included herein to facilitate description of the invention. Inany event, these two publications are also hereby incorporated byreference and made a part of the present disclosure, but only to theextent that incorporated subject matter provides background informationand/or exemplary composites and processes suitable for use on, or with,the present inventive composites, systems, and methods. Thus, theincorporated subject matter shall not serve to limit the scope of thepresent invention. These pending publications and documents are alsodirected to an elastic composite having cross-directional elasticity, aswell as a system and method of making the same. More specifically, theseprior publications require elastic composites in which an elasticconstruction imparts generally lateral elasticity to the composite in adirection that corresponds to the cross-machine direction. Such anelastic composite provides certain advantages and benefits for thedisposable absorbent article, and also, the system and method of makingthe elastic composite and the disposable absorbent article. For example,the provision of such an elastic composite or a sub-process of making animproved elastic composite affords flexibility, efficiency, andproductivity in the system and process. These advantages and benefitstranslate further to cost efficiency and cost savings. Attaining thesebenefits and advantages presents, however, unique technical challenges.The present invention is directed, in some respects, to addressing thesetechnical challenges.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

For purposes of the present description, the term “elastic band” or“composite” refers to a multi-layer construction. In this construction,a plurality of elastic members, such as threads or strands, areconnected to or disposed adjacent one or more materials, e.g., backsheetand topsheet. In this way, the elastic elements impart elasticity to theconnected or adjacent layers and thus, to that part of the garment orother textile structure. Such an elastic structure may be a distinctattachable component of the garment or textile structure or may be adistinct portion or section of the garment body or textile structure ora larger, unitary component of the garment body or textile structure. Asused herein, the term “elastic sub-composite”shall mean amulti-component construction combination that includes elastic elementsintegrated with a substrate layer. Further, an elastic sub-compositeprovides one component that may be integrated with other components toform the elastic composite and impart elastic properties thereto. Forexample, in one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality ofelastics are connected with one or more carrier webs, but aresubstantially exposed.

In one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for makingan elastic composite having a plurality of elastics impartingcross-directional elasticity to the composite. Such an elastic compositemay be referred to herein as a cross-directional elastic composite. Inanother aspect of the present invention, a system is providedimplementing the method or for making the elastic composite. In yetanother aspect of the invention, a disposable absorbent garment isprovided in which such an elastic composite is attached to a centralbody. In yet another aspect of the invention, an elastic composite isprovided having a first nonwoven layered carrier a second nonwovenlayered carrier; and a plurality of mutually spaced apart,cross-directional elastic elements. The elastic elements extendgenerally laterally from the first carrier to the second carrier therebyforming an elastic region therebetween.

In yet another aspect of the invention, a method for making the elasticcomposite is provided. The method entails conveying a first sheet ofmaterial and wrapping a section of elastic about the first sheet,thereby applying elastics cross directionally across the first sheet.The method further entails applying a second sheet of material onto thefirst sheet having elastics applied thereon, thereby forming asubcomposite including the first sheet, the second sheet, and elasticssandwiched therebetween, wherein the elastics extend outward from oneside of the subcomposite and encircle to return on an opposite side ofthe subcomposite. The sub-composite is then cut through the first andsecond sheets and the elastics to generate an elastic composite havingtwo separated parts of the sub-composite and an exposed elastic regiontherebetween.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a disposable absorbent garment in the unfoldedconfiguration;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of an elastic composite of the type to whichembodiments of the present invention are directed;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the elastic composite of FIG. 2 shown in anextended, stretchable condition;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of another disposable absorbent garment;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the elastic composite of FIG. 2 with acut-out to show an elastic construction;

FIG. 6 is a simplified schematic of a system for manufacturing anelastic composite having a dual elasticized region, according to theprior art;

FIG. 7 is a top view of an elastic element applicator assembly for usewith the system of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a side view of the assembly of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a simplified process illustration of making the elasticcomposite, according to the prior art;

FIG. 10 is a simplified process illustration of making the elasticcomposite, according to the prior art;

FIG. 11 is a simplified illustration of a prior art cross-directionalelastic composite;

FIG. 12 is a simplified illustration of a cross-directional elasticcomposite according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13A is a simplified process illustration of a system and method ofmaking the elastic composite in FIG. 12, according to a preferredembodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 13B-C are simplified illustrations of a system of making theelastic composite in FIG. 12, according to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 13D is a simplified illustration of an alternative system of makingelastic composites according to the invention;

FIG. 14 are comparative illustrations of the elastic composite in FIG.12 in a relaxed state and in an extended state;

FIG. 15 is a simplified illustration of yet another elastic compositeaccording to an embodiment of the present invention, in the form of anelastic laminate;

FIG. 16 is a simplified system and process illustration of making theelastic composite in FIG. 15, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 17 is a simplified illustration of an extender subsystem suitablefor use with the system and process illustrated in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a simplified illustration of yet another elastic compositeaccording to an embodiment of the present invention, in the form of anelastic laminate;

FIG. 19 is a simplified illustration of yet another elastic compositeaccording to an embodiment of the present invention, in the form of anelastic laminate having pre-folded sections;

FIG. 20A is a simplified illustration and elevation view of analternative extender subsystem, according to the present invention;

FIG. 20B is a front elevation view of the extender subsystem;

FIG. 20C is a plan view of the extender subsystem;

FIG. 21 is a detailed side view of an engagement mechanism, for use withthe system of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a plan view of the extender system employing the engagementmechanism of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a detailed side view of an alternative engagement mechanismfor use with the system of FIG. 21;

FIG. 24A is a detailed side view of yet another alternative engagementmechanism for use with the extender subsystem of FIG. 21;

FIG. 24B is a plan view of the extender subsystem employing theengagement mechanism of FIG. 24A;

FIG. 25 is a simplified illustration of an alternative system of makingan elastic composite, according to the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a simplified illustration of an output web of elasticcomposite, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention; and

FIGS. 27A, B, and C are simplified illustrations of a disposableabsorbent article employing an elastic composite as a combination waistband and pair of side panels, according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Generally, the present invention relates to an elastic composite, and toa system and method for making the elastic composite. More particularly,the invention is directed to an elastic composite having cross-machineor cross-directional elastic or stretch properties. Such an elasticcomposite is sometimes referred to herein as an elastic composite havingcross-directional elasticity and further, as a cross-directional elasticcomposite.

As described previously, various aspects of the present invention areparticularly suited to or for a disposable absorbent garment, such asbaby diapers and training pants. To illustrate the invention andpreferred embodiments of the invention, much of the following DetailedDescription will be provided in the context of such disposable absorbentgarments. It is contemplated that various aspects of the inventivecomposite, garment, system, and process may be applicable to othermaterial structures and processes. This Detailed Description andexemplary embodiment should not, therefore, be construed as limiting theinvention to the structures, configurations, methods, and processesdescribed herein.

FIGS. 1-10 are provided for background and to illustrate structures andprocesses potentially relevant to the present invention. Some Figures,and accompanying description, are provided to illustrate the prior artand for the purpose of highlighting the contributions to the prior artprovided by the present invention. The same Figures also illustrate useof the elastic composite, system, or method of the invention, and/or aproduct derived from the inventive elastic composite

In FIGS. 1 and 4, a disposable absorbent garment is shown that issuitable for the invention and in the form of a diaper having one ormore elastic composites incorporated therein. FIGS. 6-10 illustrate asystem, system components, and a process of making the elastic compositehaving a single elasticized region as previously described and disclosedin the prior art. See U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/733,649 and11/021,424. These Figures and accompanying descriptions of the prior artare provided to facilitate description of the present inventive elasticcomposite and highlight the differences and improvements provided by thepresent inventive system and method.

The disposable absorbent garment 110 in FIG. 1 is of a type that can beplaced against or in proximity to the body of a wearer so as to absorband to contain various bodily exudates. It should be noted, however,that the present invention is applicable to a variety of disposableabsorbent articles and garments, including training pants and a varietyof adult incontinence products. As will be described below, theinventive elastic composite or elastic composite band may provide a sidepanel or ear portion, a waistband, a fastening tab or band, or otherdistinct elastic component of the garment or article. The inventiveelastic composite may also be incorporated into an ear portion toelasticate the ear portion or to supplement the ear portion with anelasticated fastening tab.

FIG. 1 is introduced to illustrate some basic features of a disposablediaper 110. The diaper 110 includes three main regions aligned along animaginary longitudinal axis or plane AA. These regions include a firstwaist region 112 (typically at the front of the user when the garment110 is worn), a back waist region 114, and a crotch region 116. Thediaper 110 is also characterized by a front edge 140, a backlongitudinal edge 142, a first lateral or side edge or side margin 144,and a second lateral or side edge or side margin 146.

Along a lateral direction, the diaper 110 includes ear regions or earportions 118 extending laterally from the waist regions 112, 114.Together, the waist regions 112, 114 and crotch region 116 may bereferred to as forming a central body portion 120 of the garment 110that is positioned within side edges 144, 146. The body portion 120 mayalso be referred to as being formed by a liquid permeable inner layer ortopsheet 152, a liquid impermeable outer layer or backsheet (not shown),and an absorbent core 154 sandwiched between the two layers. The earportions 118 further include fastening tabs 124 for attaching the waistregions 112, 114 together. The diaper 110 also has an elastic waistband130 positioned generally along the back edge 142 to facilitate fasteningand to enhance the fit and seal of the diaper 110. When the hourglassshaped diaper 110 is worn, the crotch region 116 fits about the crotchof the wearer, and the front and back waist regions, 112 and 114, fitabout the corresponding waist areas. The ear portions 118, on the otherhand, wrap about the wearer and the fastening tabs 124 engage to form acomplete, all-around waistline of the diaper 110.

FIG. 2 depicts a typical elastic composite band 210, now generally knownin the art, but which may also be derived from the elastic composite ofthe present invention. The elastic composite band 210 is oneparticularly suited for use as a side panel or fastening tab of adisposable absorbent garment (see, e.g., FIG. 1). FIG. 5 provides aperspective view and partial cutout of the elastic composite band 210.The elastic composite band 210 may be characterized by an imaginarycenterline LL. The centerline LL preferably corresponds with the machinedirection of the elastic composite band 210 during manufacture. Theelastic band 210 also has side or longitudinally extending side edges210 a and 210 b and laterally extending end edges 210 c and 210 d. InFIG. 2, the elastic composite band 210 is shown in the stretched stateas, for example, when a garment incorporating the elastic composite band210 is worn. In this state, the elastic composite band 210 stretches, inthe lateral or cross-machine direction (denoted by arrows XX).

As used herein, the term “machine” direction refers to the direction atwhich the component, or more particularly, the material web from whichthe elastic composite is derived (e.g., cut from) is driven in anassembly line during manufacturing. The term “cross-machine direction”or “cross-directional,” on the other hand, refers to the direction thatis transverse to the machine direction. With reference to the elasticcomposite 210 of FIGS. 2 and 3, the cross machine direction is thedirection XX extending laterally relative to the longitudinal line LL.As sometimes described herein, such an elastic composite may bedescribed as a “cross-directional” elastic composite or as exhibitingcross-sectional elastic properties.

The elastic composite band 210 has a central region 214 in which anelastic construction 214 is situated. Extending laterally from thiscentral elastic or elasticized region 214 are regions 216 and 218, whichare substantially non-elasticized (“dead zones”). As shown in FIG. 2,the regions 216, 218 occupy the expanse between the central elasticregion 214 and the side edges 210 a, 210 b. Now with reference to FIG.5, the elastic composite band 210 has a top layer 318 and a bottom orbase layer 320. The two layers 318, 320 preferably extend the totalwidth and length of the elastic composite band 210, thereby providingthe side edges 210 a, 210 b, and the end edges 210 c, 210 d. Both thebase layer 320 and the top layer 318 are preferably a non-woven,breathable, disposable material such as propylene, non-woven fabric,breathable polyethylene/polypropylene films, or non-porous films (orcombinations of these materials). The base layer 320 and top layer 318adhere to one another, thereby sandwiching and securing a plurality ofelastic strands 322 therebetween.

The elastic strands 322 may be substituted by suitable elastic elementssuch as elastic strands, threads, ribbons, and elastic glue beads. Theelastic elements or strands 322 are distributed along a direction thatextends between the side edges 210 a, 210 b and generally parallel with(or corresponding to) centerline LL. Further, each elastic element 322is generally aligned or oriented in a direction corresponding with thelateral or cross-machine direction, i.e., in a direction generallyperpendicular to the longitudinal center line LL and intersecting theside edges 210 a, 210 b (i.e., cross-directional). Preferably, theelastic elements 322 are disposed in generally parallel relation andspaced apart generally equally along the longitudinal direction. Morepreferably, the elastic elements 322 are of generally equal length.Accordingly, when the elastic composite band 210 is worn, the elasticelements 322 impart elasticity to the structure which allows the band210 to stretch in the lateral or cross-machine direction XX. Because theelastic elements 322 are independent, spaced apart and maintained alongthe generally lateral direction, the stretch and contraction of theelasticized material are generally cross-directional. This alternativemay be functionally and aesthetically advantageous in some garmentapplications.

The elastic elements 322 are preferably tensioned during securementbetween the top and base layers 318, 320. FIG. 3 illustrates the elasticcomposite band 210 in a laterally stretched condition. In thiscondition, the central elastic region 214 has a width that is almostequal to the non-elasticized zones 216 and 218. When returned to thenon-laterally stretched or relaxed condition, as shown in FIG. 2, thecentral elastic region 214 contracts and crimps to a substantiallyreduced width. In this condition or state, the contracted elasticelements 322 shirrs the elastic composite 210 and provide pleats 234 inthe contracted elastic region 214.

Returning to FIG. 1, the disposable absorbent garment 110 employs one ormore elastic composite bands, as described above. The disposableabsorbent garment 110 employs in each of the ear portions 118, afastening tab 124 having an elastic composite construction. As thefastening tab 124, the elastic composite band is configured such thatone non-elasticized region 124 a is attached to and overlaps the centralbody 120 of the garment 110 while a second non-elasticized region 124 bis situated outboard of the side margins 144, 146. An elasticized region124 c provides elasticity in the lateral or cross-machine direction (ofthe elastic composite). In respect to the rest of the garment 110, theelasticity or stretch provided by the central elastic region 124 cdirected along a direction that is generally perpendicular to thelongitudinal center line AA of the garment 110, and corresponds with adirection that wraps about the waistline of the user.

The disposable absorbent garment 110 in FIG. 1 also provides an elasticcomposite, as the waistband 130. The waistband 130 is situated centrallyin the waist region 114. Further, the elastic composite waistband 130 isdisposed such that non-elasticized regions 130 a, 130 b are positionedoutwardly of the longitudinal line AA of the garment 110, while anelasticized region 130 c is positioned centrally across the longitudinalcenter line AA. Moreover, the elasticized region 130 c is configuredsuch that the elastic strands are aligned or oriented in a directionthat is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline AA. Inthis way, the elastic composite waistband 130 imparts elasticity aboutthe waist region 114 of the garment 110, and in a directioncorresponding with the direction of waistline about the user.

FIG. 4 depicts an alternative disposable absorbent garment 410.Specifically, FIG. 4 depicts a disposable absorbent garment 410employing elastic composites as attachable ear portions or side panels414. The elastic composite side panels 414 are separate components thatare attached to a central body 420 of the garment 410. The elasticcomposite side panels (or ear portions) 414 are attached near one waistedge 442 of the garment 410 and such that the centerline AA of the sidepanel 414 is generally parallel with the longitudinal centerline AA ofthe garment 410. Moreover, each of the elastic composite side panels 414has a non-elasticized region 414 a that is positioned outboard of theside margins 446 of the garment 410 and a second non-elasticized region414 b that is attached inboard of the side margin 446 (or side margin444).

Before describing the elastic composite of the invention, FIGS. 6-10 areprovided to illustrate a known system, and system components, andprocess of making or manufacturing an elastic composite, as previouslypracticed and described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser.Nos. 10/733,649 and 11/021,424. In the prior art process illustratedtherein, two elastic composite web outputs 1031 are produced from fourseparate non-woven web inputs 1003 a, 1003 b, 1003 c, and 1003 d.Referring first to FIG. 6, a system 1001 includes four separatenon-woven web inputs 1003 a-1003 d, which provide a web or roll ofnon-woven material for the elastic composite. The system furtherincludes an output assembly or reel 1005 that receives two elasticcomposite webs 1031 from the rest of the process. These two separateelastic webs may be later fixed together after manufacturing to producethe kind of composite having two elasticized regions.

Central to the system 1001 is a conveyor assembly 1009 for receiving,manipulating, and conveying each of the non-woven web inputs. Theconveyor assembly 1009 is positioned and operatively associated with anelastic element applicator such as a spinning head assembly 1007. Theassembly 1007 applies elastic fibers or strands upon, onto, and/orintegrally with the non-woven web inputs. The spinning head assembly1007 further includes a spinhead 1017, preferably in the form of aspinning bracket, or cylinder 1017 and the like. The spin cylinder 1017is configured to hold an “end section” of the continuous strand WW ofelastic and move it about a generally vertical plane XX in a reciprocalor repetitive pattern (relative to the conveyor assembly 1009). Thisplane XX is defined by the area within the spinning perimeter of thecylinder 1017 and which is traced by the outer most bracket or eye 1017b securing the strand of elastic WW to the spin cylinder 1017. The pathsof the spinhead 1017 and the section of elastic strand retained therebyare provided on the plane XX.

As shown in the schematic of FIG. 6, non-woven inputs 603 a and 603 bare fed, utilizing a series of rollers, into the conveyor assembly 1009.Before the two non-woven webs are fed into the conveyor assembly 1009,the webs are directed through the folding guides or plates 1039. Thefolding guides 1039 serve to effectively reduce the overall width of thenon-woven web by folding the lateral or side edges along apre-determined, longitudinally-extending side fold line YY. The firstfolding guide 1039 a initiates the first 90° turn while the secondfolding guide 1039 b initiates a second 90° turn. The roller 1039disposed in between the guide 1039 a, 1039 b facilitates the foldingprocess. The two folding guides 1039 and roller 1369 may be referredtogether as a folding guide assembly.

The conveyor assembly 1009 is set up so as to guide these two non-wovenwebs 1003 a and 1003 b through the center of the assembly 1009 towardsand eventually inside the elastic spin cylinder 1007 (into the spinningpath). Once inside the spin cylinder 1017 the conveyor assembly 1009delivers the non-woven webs to each outside, upper and lower faces(outward faces) of the conveyor assembly 1009. At this point, thedirection of travel of the non-woven webs is reversed and the webs aredirected outward from the spin cylinder 1007. As the non-woven webs exitthe spin cylinder 1017, an elastic strand WW is wrapped around theentire conveyor assembly 1009, and as it contacts the upper and lowerface of the web platforms it comes into contact with the non-woven web.As shown in several of the Figures, the elastic strand WW is appliedcrosswise or laterally on the web, and transverse to the direction ofthe moving web. The friction between the tensioned elastic strand andthe non-woven webs on the upper and lower faces of the conveyor assemblydraws the “wrapped” elastic strand out of the spin cylinder 1017 andtowards contact with two further non-woven webs 1003 c and 1003 d.

The non-woven webs 1003 c and 1003 d are operatively positioned upstreamof an adhesive applicator 1013. Utilizing a system of rollers inconjunction therewith, the non-woven inputs 1003 c, 1003 d and adhesiveapplicators 1013 apply a web of pre-glued non-woven material onto theconveyor assembly 1009 and onto the elastic strand “wrapped” around thenon-woven webs 1003 a and 1003 b.

Furthermore, the system 1001 employs a standard elastic input source,e.g., a bobbin of elastic yarn, that feeds elastic strands or fibers WWonto a tensioning/speed controlling unit 1037 and then to the spincylinder or the spinning head 1017, so as to apply the strands WW ontothe conveyor assembly 1009 and the non-woven material webs conveyedtherethrough. Elastic is taken off the bobbin, box or positive drivesystem and fed through a tension and speed controlling motor towards thespin cylinder 1017. The elastic WW is delivered through a hollow shaftin the motor controlling the spin cylinder 1017. The elastic WW thenpasses into the spin cylinder 1017 and is guided by rollers, eyes or anyother suitable mechanism around the inside face of the spin cylinder1017.

FIG. 7 provides an alternate view of the spinning head assembly 1007 andconveyor assembly 1009. As discussed above, the conveyor assembly 1009receives four separate webs of non-woven materials and outputs two webs1031 of elastic composite. FIGS. 9 and 10 are provided to furtherillustrate the process of making the elastic composite. These figures,more particularly FIG. 9, illustrate the paths taken by the non-wovenweb materials to and from the conveyor assembly 1009.

Referring to FIG. 9, reference letters A-G are used to refer to stagesin the process and in conjunction with the description of the process.As discussed above, non-woven raw material webs are fed into the processat stage A. These webs provide four separate non-woven web inputs intothe process. Non-woven webs 1 and 3 are combined to make an elasticcomposite output 1 (i.e., referred to in the Figures as the WRAPoutput). Non-wovens 2 and 4, which are both on the downside of thespinning head assembly 1007 and conveyor assembly 1009, combine to makea second elastic composite output 2 (i.e., WRAP 2).

At stage B, non-woven webs 1 and 2 are folded prior to being directed tothe conveyor assembly 1009. A predetermined width of non-woven is foldedover each side of the web to make two folded flaps VV. The width of theflap VV determines the width of the dead zone or non-elasticized regiondescribed previously, while the width of the non-woven, after folding,determines the width of the elasticized region. At stage C, thenon-woven webs 1 and 2 are fed into the conveyor assembly 1009, inparticular into the middle or inside of the conveyor assembly 1009 withthe folded side of each web facing the outside of or away from theconveyor assembly 1009. It should be noted that at this stage C,non-woven webs 1 and 2 are not bonded together. The conveyor 1009 thenfeeds the non-woven webs 1 and 2 towards the spinning head assembly1007. At stage D, the non-woven webs 1 and 2 have traveled almost thelength of the conveyor assembly 1009 and progresses into the spinningpath of spinning head assembly 1007 and intersecting the “spinning”vertical plane XX of the elastic strand WW. Further, at the end of theconveyor assembly 1009, the webs 1 and 2 are directed away from eachother and onto the outside of the conveyor 1009 and away from thespinning head 1007. Non-woven web 1 turns up on the upper side of theconveyor assembly 1009, while non-woven web 2 travels along the lowerside of the conveyor assembly 1009. At stage E, an elastic strand WW iswound around the folded non-woven webs 1 and 2, as these webs passthrough the spinning head and the vertical plane XX. The elastic strandWW is applied to the moving webs 1 and 2 cross-directionally to thedirection of the moving web. The movement of the webs 1 and 2 away fromwithin the spin cylinder 1017 draws the “wrapped” elastic strand out ofthe spin cylinder 1017.

Now turning to non-woven webs 3 and 4, these webs are provided to theconveyor assembly 1009 with adhesive applied on one side (i.e., appliedby the adhesive applicator 1013). At stage F, the non-woven webs 3 and 4are brought into contact with webs 1 and 2, respectively, and theelastic strands WW. As a result, the webs 1 and 3 sandwich elasticstrands WW on the upper side of the conveyor assembly 1009, andnon-woven webs 2 and 4 sandwich elastic strands WW on the under side ofthe conveyor assembly 1009. The elastic strands WW run between the twonon-woven elastic non-woven composite (cross-direction), but is then cutby a knife (see knife 1410 in FIG. 10, as described below), therebyseparating the two wrapped composites. At stage G, the composites 1 and2 are fed away from the conveyor assembly 1009 and the folded flaps onwebs 1 and 2 become unfolded, with guiding, to form a flat non-wovencomposite. Subsequently, the composites are guided from the spinninghead assembly 1007 and conveyor assembly 1009 and into furtherprocesses. As shown in FIG. 16, the elastic output webs arrive via asystem of rollers onto an elastic composite output reel 1005.

FIG. 10 provides an alternate view of the conveyor assembly 1009. ThisFigure further illustrates the movement of non-woven webs 1-4 and theapplication of elastic strands in a generally mutually parallel patternand generally spaced apart from one another. After cutting of theelastic with the knife 1410, two elastic composites are directed awayfrom the conveyor assembly 1009. It should also be noted that the systemadvantageously allows for improved control of the stretch of the elasticstrands.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the conveyor assembly 1009 includes two webmoving platforms 1412 that are juxtapositioned so as to provide aninterface therebetween. Each web moving platform 1412 includes acontinuous belt 1414 supported about a plurality of rollers 1416 so asto be capable of reciprocal motion. The two web moving platforms 1412are generally the same length and juxtapositioned so as to accommodatethe non-woven webs 1 and 2 therealong from one end to the other end.Preferably, a roller 1416 is situated about midway between the ends ofthe web moving platform so as to deliver the non-woven webs 3 and 4respectively to the web moving platform.

As shown in FIG. 6 and also FIG. 10, the spinning head assembly 1007 ispositioned about and in the vicinity of one end of the conveyor assembly1009. In operation, the spinning head 1017 spins about the verticalplane XX which intersects the ends of the web moving platforms 1412 soas to deliver the elastic strands WW around and about both web movingplatforms 1412. In operation, the first and second non-woven move alongthe outside or exposed surfaces or sides of the web moving platforms1412 and receives the elastic strands WW delivered by the spinning head1017. By way of its movement away from the spinning head 1017, themoving web draws the continuous elastic strand WW from the spinning head1017.

By pre-folding the two non-woven webs that are fed to the inside of theconveyor assembly 1009, it is possible to create an elastic compositewith cross directional stretch having non-elasticized regions (“deadzones”) along each edge. The width of the central elasticized region isfixed to the width of the conveyor platform 1412. The width of thenon-elasticized regions or dead zones is determined by the width of thefold VV. The fold VV in the non-woven is preserved by the conveyorassembly 1009 during application of the elastic element and is appliedin such a way that the folded edge of the non-woven is not in contactwith the elastic element WW. The fold VV is then allowed to open afterthe composite exits the conveyor assembly 1009 to provide a flat elasticcomposite with non-elasticized regions. By altering the alignment of thematerials as it enters the conveyor assembly 1009 or by changing thewidths of the materials used it is possible to create various compositedesigns.

FIGS. 6-10 and the above accompanying description illustrate a method ofmaking an elastic composite that is different from and precedes thepresent invention. Most of the steps, sub-processes, components andsub-systems associated with the method may be employed, however, in thesystems and methods of the present invention. In fact, applicable detaildescriptions of system components and operation may be borrowed fromthis portion of the specification to illustrate the inventive systemsand methods. Differences between the previously disclosed systems andthe systems to be described, in respect to the present invention,represent, or arise from, improvements provided by the presentinvention. Such differences are discussed below in more detail.

The focus of the remaining descriptions shifts now to an alternativeand, for some applications, improved system and process for producing anelastic composite having a plurality of mutually spaced-apart elasticelements, and, more preferably, such an elastic composite havingcross-directional elasticity. FIGS. 11 through 27 are provided to helpillustrate such an elastic composite with cross directional elasticity,and systems and method of making the elastic composite. In furtherembodiments, the elastic composite has a pair of non-elasticized regionsor dead zones and a central elastic region positioned therebetween. Ofparticular concern is an alternate method of making a continuous web ofelastic composite having cross-directional elastic properties, withmarked improvements in efficiency, productivity, flexibility, and/oreconomy. As discussed herein, such an elastic composite according to thepreferred embodiment may lend itself to post-processing and integrationof the elastic composite into various components of a disposableabsorbent article.

As discussed previously, the term “elastic composite” is used to referto a multi-component material construction that includes elasticelements. In some embodiments, the elastic components include one ormore nonwoven layers and elastic elements that impart elasticity on thenonwoven layer(s). In further embodiments, such an elastic composite isin a form suitable for direct integration as a component in a disposableabsorbent article. Such an elastic composite may be fed directly into asystem and main process for making a disposable absorbent article. Inother embodiments, the elastic composite is in a form that is wellsuited for further processing before integration as a component in adisposable absorbent article. For example, the elastic compositeprovided herein may be a novel construction that captures the targetcross-directional elastic properties of a plurality of elastic elementsand provided in a form that facilitates further processing. In onefurther example, the elastic composite is a novel laminate constructionthat captures a desired multi-layered elastic construction and in a formthat can yield a plurality of individual cross-directional elasticcomposites in ready form. In other examples, the novel laminateconstruction is further processed to yield individual cross directionalelastic composites having a multilayered central elastic region and, ina further embodiment, a pair of non-elastic regions or dead zones.

With the methods of manufacturing discussed earlier, particularly inrespect to FIGS. 6-10, elastic composites preceding the presentinvention featured a central elastic region having a width that isdepended on, and thereby, limited by, certain manufacturing parameters.Specifically, the lateral or cross-directional width of the elasticregion in the stretched state is fixed by the dimensions of certainmanufacturing components. For example, the diameter of the spin head(and also of the vertical plane XX; see FIG. 9 and accompanyingdescription) imposes a length limitation on the elastic elements in thecentral elastic region. The spin head encircles the conveyor assemblyand thus, the width of the nonwoven web that is supported on theconveyor assembly must be less than the diameter of the spin head. Sucha limitation on the length of the elastic element also dictates theminimum width of the nonwoven sheet onto which the elastic element isapplied. Similarly, the width of the conveyor that conveys the nonwovento the spin head, and about which the elastic is wrapped, dictates thepractical width of the nonwoven sheet and thus, the length of theelastic elements. Furthermore, the diameter of the spin head is limitedby the practical speed of the manufacturing process. In one aspect ofthe present invention, systems and methods are provided that readilyallow for a cross directional elastic composite having a relativelywider elastic region. In yet another aspect, a system and method areprovided for varying the width of the elastic region.

To facilitate description of an elastic composite according to thepresent invention, FIG. 11 is provided to illustrate a type of elasticcomposite 1110 of which the present invention is directed (see alsoFIGS. 2A, 2B, and 3). The conventional elastic composite 1110 has acentral elastic region 1114 in which an elastic construction 1114 issituated and non-elastic regions (dead zones) 1105, 1106, each aside thecentral elastic region 1114. The elastic composite 1110 is composed ofan upper nonwoven layer 1102, a lower nonwoven layer 1103, and aplurality of mutually spaced apart elastic elements 1101 sandwichedtherebetween. The plurality of elastic elements 1101 are positionedcentrally and are aligned generally laterally, preferably generallyperpendicular to a longitudinal centerline LL of the elastic composite1110. Preferably, the elastic elements 1101 are strands that aretensioned when applied to the nonwoven layers 1102, 1103 so that thenonwoven layers are later gathered by the elastic elements 1101 as theelastics relax.

FIG. 12 depicts an elastic composite 1210 in accordance with a preferredembodiment of the present invention. In one respect, the elasticcomposite 1210 features the same basic construction as the previouselastic composite 1110: a multi-layered, cross-directional elasticcomposite 1210 with a central elastic region 1204 and a plurality ofmutually spaced apart elastic elements 1201 in the central elasticregion 1204. The plurality of elastic elements 1201 provides, at leastin this embodiment, a central elastic region 1204 that is clear ofnonwoven layers. The elastic elements 1201 are, therefore, exposed anddefine an open elastic area or region 1204. Furthermore, the elasticregion 1204 is situated in between a first nonwoven composite carrier1212, and a second nonwoven composite carrier 1213 (hereinafter“carriers”). Each of carriers 1212, 1213 is preferably composed of afirst or upper nonwoven layer 1202, a second or lower nonwoven layer1203, and the ends of cross directional elastic elements 1201 sandwichedtherebetween. In further embodiments, the upper and/or lower layers mayemploy a sheet material other than woven (e.g., a film). The carriers1212, 1213 are spaced in the lateral or cross machine direction XX froma longitudinal centerline or machine direction LL of the elasticcomposite 1210. In this preferred embodiment, the carriers 1212, 1213are placed generally in parallel relation with the centerline LL andprovide the side border of the elastic composite 1210. More preferably,the open elastic region 1204 is generally centered about the compositecenterline LL, and the elastic elements 1201 are equally spaced andcentered about the longitudinal centerline LL in generally perpendicularrelation.

A comparison of the elastic composite 1210 with the earlier elasticcomposite 1110, as depicted in FIG. 11, reveals at least a few importantphysical distinctions. A primary feature of the elastic composite 1210is that the elastic elements 1201 are substantially uncovered orrevealed between the carriers 1212, 1213. Moreover, the three-layeredcomposite, which is now referred to as carriers 1212, 1213, has asubstantially reduced width as compared to the width of the elasticregion 1204. As will be further described, the nonwoven carriers 1202,1203 serve primarily to hold elastic elements 1201 in place (even ifonly temporarily) and facilitate further processing of the elasticcomposite.

FIGS. 13A-13C are simplified illustrations used herein to describe anexemplary system and process for making the elastic composite 1210,according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Suitablecomponents for the system and apparatus shown in FIGS. 13A, 13B, aresubstantially the same as or equivalent to those previously describedherein (FIGS. 6-10). Moreover, the function and operation of thecomponents have also been described previously or are generally known inthe art. Accordingly, details as to the configuration and operation ofthese components are not provided herein, but will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art.

A system 1350 suitable for the preferred embodiment includes a firstnonwoven input I1 (or other suitable material), a second nonwoven inputI2 (or other suitable material), and a web output O1 of a continuouselastic composite 1310 according to the preferred embodiment. The firstnonwoven input I1 provides or feeds a web or roll (not shown) of a firstnonwoven layer 1303 (or other sheet of material), while the secondnonwoven input I2 provides or feeds a web or roll (not shown) of asecond nonwoven layer 1303. The nonwoven layers 1302, 1303 ultimatelyprovide upper and lower composite layers for each of the two carriers1212, 1213 of the elastic composite 1310. The system 1350 furtherincludes an output assembly or reel (not shown) to receive thecontinuous web of elastic composite 1310 or output O1 and, in someapplications, direct the output O1 into a main manufacturing process.

Central to the system 1350 is a conveyor assembly 1309 for receiving,manipulating, and conveying the nonwoven web inputs I1, I2 as well asthe elastic composite output O1. As described previously, the conveyorassembly 1309 preferably includes an upper conveyor and platform(hereinafter upper conveyor 1314) and a lower conveyor and platform(hereinafter lower conveyor 1315). Referring to FIG. 13C, the twoconveyors 1314, 1315 are placed substantially adjacent each other butstill sufficiently spaced apart to allow independent movement.Preferably, the two conveyors 1314, 1315 have substantially the samedimensions of length, L, width, W, and depth, D, and are positioned inparallel relation such that one substantially mirrors the other. Thevertical distance from the top or outside of the upper conveyor to thebottom or outside of the lower conveyor is the dimension “d”. In mostprior applications, this dimension, d, is equal to (twice the width, W)plus the gap or distance between the conveyors.

The conveyor assembly 1309 is operatively associated with a suitableelastic element applicator such as a spinning head assembly 1307 andspin head 1317 (“elastic spinners”), as described previously. The spinhead 1317 extends slightly over and about the ends of the two conveyors1314, 1315, and is configured to hold an “end section” of a continuouselastic strand WW of elastic. Revolution of the spin head 1317 moves theend section about a generally vertical plane VV and about the conveyorassembly 1309. The vertical plane VV preferably has a diameter that isjust slightly less than the inside diameter of the spin head 1317. Thevertical plane intersects the conveyors 1314, 1315 and further, websmoving on the conveyors 1314, 1315. As generally known, the twoconveyors 1314, 1315 reciprocate such that the inside platform surfacemoves linearly toward and past the vertical plane VV in a first webmoving direction V1, before turning as the outside platform surface. Theoutside platform surface moves linearly past the vertical plane VV in asecond web moving direction V2 that is the reverse of the first webmoving direction V1. The path of the outside platform surface is spacedoutwardly of the path of the inside platform surface and in generallyparallel relation therewith.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, a first nonwoven carrier web1303 is directed to the conveyor assembly 1309. The conveyed web 1303 isthen conveyed by the upper conveyor 1314 along the first web movingdirection V1 and through the vertical plane VV. After arriving at theend of the conveyors 1314, 1315, the nonwoven carrier web 1303 is passedonto the top conveyor 1314 as shown in FIG. 13A, (or, onto the bottomconveyor 1315 in alternate embodiments). As the nonwoven carrier web1303 is conveyed through the vertical plane VV, a section of the elasticstrand WW is applied across the nonwoven carrier web 1303. Actually, thespin head 1317 revolves about the conveyors 1314, 1315 and wraps asection of elastic strand WW about the two conveyors 1314, 1315.

Noting that the section of elastic WW is applied across the outsidesurface of the lower conveyor 1315 as well, the moving conveyors 1314,1315 draw continuous strand WW away from the spin head 1317. The newsubstrate now consisting of the nonwoven web 1303 and the elasticsapplied thereon is subsequently met by a second nonwoven web 1304. Thesecond nonwoven web 1302 is directed onto and in union with the upperconveyor 1315 a and atop the substrate of the first nonwoven web 1303and elastics applied thereon. As generally known, the second nonwovencarrier web 1304 is preferably applied with a process adhesive upstreamof the upper conveyor 1315 a. The adhesive is sufficiently applied toprovide a secure bond between the two nonwoven carrier webs 1302, 1303and the elastics therebetween. In alternate embodiments, anothersuitable process or means of bonding the layers and elastics may beemployed (e.g., thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, embossing, etc.)

Thus, a new composite or subcomposite is provided as a result of theunion of several components. This union includes: a first nonwoven web1303 supported on the outside surface of the upper conveyor 1314; asection of elastic strand WW applied across the first nonwoven web 1303multiple times; and a second nonwoven web 1302 applied atop the firstnonwoven web 1303 and the elastics applied thereon. As shown in FIG.13A, the section of elastic strand WW extends outward from one side ofthe first non woven web-second non woven web sandwich (on the upperconveyor 1314) (the “union”), wraps around the lower conveyor 1314, andencircles by returning into the sandwich or union through an oppositeside. Prior to cutting, the section of elastic strand WW actuallyencircles or enwraps both conveyors 1314, 1315 and the first nonwovenweb 1303 multiple times. Although the lower conveyor 1315 does notconvey a sheet of material in the traditional way, it does support andconvey (in the web moving direction V2) a series of elastic segments (ofthe elastic strand WW).

Referring specifically to FIG. 13A, this new composite is moved furtherin the second web moving direction V2 by both the upper conveyor 1314and the lower conveyor 1315. The composite is specifically directed to acutting or slitting mechanism (“slitter” 1334) positioned generallycentrally and jutting into the path of the upper conveyor 1314. Themoving composite intersects the slitter 1334 and is slit preferablylongitudinally across the center of the nonwoven-elastic-nonwovensandwich (“elastic sandwich”). The elastic sandwich is divided to createthe two carriers 1312, 1313 and an open or exposed elastic region 1304therebetween. The section of continuous elastic strand WW, which hadencircled or enwrapped the conveyors 1314, 1315, is also severed tocreate separate elastic segments 1301. The resulting composite 1310moves forward, which causes the two carriers 1312, 1313 to slidedownward off the conveyors 1314, 1315, as shown in FIG. 13A. Preferably,the carriers fall and unwrap below the conveyor assembly 1309. Byslitting the previously enwrapped elastic composite, the resultingcomposite output O1 may be readily removed from the conveyor assembly1309 and further received for storage or post-processing.

In one aspect of the preferred embodiment, an elastic composite 1210 isprovided having an exposed elastic construction or open elastic region1204 formed by the plurality of mutually spaced apart elastic elements1201, as shown in FIG. 12. In this composite 1210, the elastics 1210 ofthe exposed or open elastic region 1204 are independent or clear of anynonwoven layers. The elastic elements 1201 extend generally laterallyfrom one carrier 1212 to the second carrier 1213, and across thelongitudinal centerline LL. The elastic elements 1201 are thereforegenerally oriented along the cross-machine direction, and may bereferred to as cross-directional elastics. Interestingly, the width ofthe open elastic region 1204 (i.e., the lateral spacing between the twocarriers 1212, 1213) is primarily dependent on two processingparameters. Firstly, the width of the open elastic region 1204 isdependent on the total circumference of the conveyor assembly 1309,i.e., the circumference about the upper conveyor 1314 and the lowerconveyor 1315. This circumference is also substantially equal to thetravel length of the section of elastic strand WW about the conveyorassembly 1309 upon one revolution of the spin head 1317. This length isthe sum of the width W of the upper conveyor 1314, the width W of thelower conveyor 1315, and twice the distance, d, between the uppersurface of the upper conveyor 1314 and the lower surface of the lowerconveyor 1315. Secondly, the width of the open elastic region 1204 isdependent on the tension applied to the elastic strand WW when thestrand is applied about the nonwoven web 1303. If a relatively highertension is applied, the width of the open elastic region 1204 in therelaxed state will be decreased.

The width of the open elastic region 1204 is also dependent on andprovided by the extension state of the elastic elements when themeasurement is taken. Generally, the important reference measurementsare those made when the elastic elements are fully relaxed (extensionfactor equals 1×), and measurements taken when the elastic elements arefully extended (typical extension factor equals 4× to 6×, depending onthe type of elastic used). FIG. 14 illustrates an elastic composite 1210in a relaxed state, i.e., no tension is applied to the elastic. To theright of the relaxed elastic composite 1210 is a depiction of theelastic composite 1210′ under tension, i.e., the extended state.

Example 1

In one embodiment of the invention, the width of open elastic region maybe approximated as follows:

Given, conveyor  width, W = 100  mm, distance, d, from  upper  surface  of  upper  conveyor  to  lower  surface  of  lower  conveyor = 40  mm;extension  applied  to  continuous  elastic  strand = 4x;full  extension  of  elastics = 5x.Width  of  open  elastic  region  (fully  extended) = 5 × ((100  mm + 100  mm + (40  mm × 2))/4) = 350  mm$\begin{matrix}{{{Width}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {open}\mspace{14mu} {elastic}\mspace{14mu} {region}\mspace{14mu} ({relaxed})} = \frac{\begin{pmatrix}{{100\mspace{14mu} {mm}} + {100\mspace{14mu} {mm}} +} \\( {40\mspace{14mu} {mm} \times 2} )\end{pmatrix}}{4}} \\{= 70}\end{matrix}$

Example 2

In a more preferred embodiment, the width of the open elastic region isincreased by reducing the extension applied to the elastic strand as itis applied to the nonwoven carrier web. The circumference of theconveyor assembly is also increased by increasing the separation of theupper and lower conveyors. In some suitable systems, one of the conveyorplatforms is simply moved further from the other platform. It shouldalso be noted that one of the conveyors is not required to move a sheetof material, but only the elastic wrapped about it. This allows for useof conveyors different from the generally flat platforms or beltscommonly used to support a sheet of nonwoven.

Given, conveyor  width, W = 100  mm, distance, d, from  upper  surface  of  upper  conveyor  to  lower  surface  of  lower  conveyor = 100  mm;extension  applied  to  elastics = 1.5x, full  extension  of  elastics = 5x.Open  elastic  region  (fully  extended) = 5 × ((100  mm + 100  mm + (100  mm × 2))/1.5) = 1333  mm$\begin{matrix}{{{Open}\mspace{14mu} {elastic}\mspace{14mu} {region}\mspace{14mu} ({relaxed})} = \frac{\begin{pmatrix}{{100\mspace{14mu} {mm}} + {100\mspace{14mu} {mm}} +} \\( {100\mspace{14mu} {mm} \times 2} )\end{pmatrix}}{4}} \\{= {267\mspace{14mu} {mm}}}\end{matrix}$

Examples 1 and 2 above illustrate that the width of the open elasticarea may be adjusted by making small changes to the applied extension ofthe elastics and to the dimensions of the conveyor assembly. In certainembodiments, the tension is determined by the feed rate of the elasticstrands into the spin head and the frictional characteristics of thefeeding and spinning process. The circumference can be variedmechanically by changing the distance between the upper and lowerconveyors.

Notably, the elastic composite 1210 is characterized by mutually spacedapart, cross-directional elastic elements 1201 that extend laterallybetween the first and second carriers 121, 1213 and in transverserelation with the machine direction of the elastic composite (LL). Eachof the layers 1202, 1203 of the carriers 1212, 1213 preferably extendsgenerally longitudinally in generally parallel relation with the machinedirection LL and has a lateral width that is substantially less than alateral width between the first and second carriers 121, 1213 (acrossthe open elastic region 1204). In a further aspect, the elastic elements1201 of the open central elastic region 12104 are “discrete disconnectedsegments of one elastic strand”. This means that the elastic elements1201 originate from the same elastic strand and are, in fact, severedsequentially from the same elastic strand while that strand is in agenerally uniform state of tension or application (e.g., secured intension between adhered nonwoven layers). Being discrete disconnectedsegments of one elastic strand further means that the elastic elementshave substantially identical material and mechanical properties(particularly, dimensions, strength, and elastic properties). Theinclusion of such elastic elements can offer benefits in the ultimateelastic composite as well as the processes in the making of the elasticcomposite. For example, having uniformity and consistency in theplurality of elastic elements facilitates handling of the elasticcomposite, provides a cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing gatheringin the ultimate disposable absorbent article, and may also produce abetter quality product with less flaws.

Exemplary Applications—Post Processing

A variety of applications for the cross directional elastic composite1210 and output composite 1303, O1 described above are contemplated.These applications include direct incorporation of the elastic composite1210 (having the open elastic region) as a component in a disposableabsorbent article and particularly, into a process of making thearticle. For example, the elastic composite 1210 may be integrated as awide elastic waistband of a diaper type product. The elastic composite1210 may also be applied as a body encircling elastic component fortraining pants.

A cross directional elastic composite with open elastic region is alsowell suited for further processing prior to integration into adisposable absorbent article. FIGS. 15 and 15A depict an exemplaryproduct of further processing of elastic composite 1310. FIG. 15Adepicts an elastic composite in the form of an elastic laminate 1511derived from a method according to an embodiment of the invention. Thelaminate 1511 includes an upper nonwoven layer 1502, a lower nonwovenlayer 1503, and a plurality of tensioned elastic elements 1501sandwiched therebetween. The laminate 1511 further includes first andsecond carriers 1512, 1513 serving as the side borders of the laminate1511. The elastic laminate 1511 may yield, in turn, severalmulti-layered, cross directional elastic composites 1510. These elasticcomposites 1510 are also in a form that is particularly suited forfurther processing and ultimately, for fastening tape and elastic sidepanel applications. FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary system 1601 andprocess that receives the elastic composite web output O1 and furtherprocesses the web O1 to produce the elastic laminate 1511 and themultilayered elastic composites 1510. In particular, the exemplarysystem 1601 and process illustrates the flexibility of variousembodiments of the invention to create cross-directional elastic sheetmaterials of varying width.

In accordance with a preferred method, the output O1 (continuous web ofelastic composite 1310) of system 1350, as described in respect to FIG.13, is received by the present system 1601 and more particularly, by aconveying device, referred to hereafter as extender 1602. The extender1602, shown in further detail in FIG. 17, secures the continuous web O1along each carrier 1312, 1313 and stretches the open elastic region 1304to a desired width, while moving the web O1 forwardly in the system1601. The extender 1602 includes a pair of identical reciprocatingcomponents 1604, 1605. The reciprocating components 1604, 1605 mayemploy a wheel, belt or chain based system to reciprocate. As shown inFIG. 17, the two reciprocating components 1604 are situated upright andspaced apart from another at an angle such that a lateral space XXbetween the two expands along the web moving direction. Thereciprocating components 1604, 1605 are adapted with engagement means1607 for securing the web O1 preferably at the carriers 1312, 1313. Theengagement means can be found in the form of pins, mechanical grips, orthe like. The web O1 is stretched as the web O1 is moved forwardlybetween the two components 1604, 1605 and as the lateral space XXexpands. In this way, the extender 1602 extends the width of the openelastic region 1304 to a target width, and carries the elastic web O1from its original relaxed state to a desired extended or tensioned state(O1′).

The tensioned elastic composite O1′ is then fed to a laminating stage,wherein a lower nonwoven web 1503 is continuously directed to the webO1′ from below and an upper nonwoven web 1502 is continuously directedto the web O1′ from above. Prior to reaching the web O1′, hot meltadhesive is applied to each of the nonwoven webs 1502, 1503 usingsuitable adhesive application equipment 1616. Thereafter, the lowernonwoven web 1503 is applied to the “underside” of open elastic region1504′ of the web O1′ and the upper nonwoven web 1502 is applied to the“topside” of the open elastic region 1504′. The applied adhesive ensuresproper bonding between the nonwoven layers and the tensioned elasticelements. The resulting laminate 1511 includes, therefore, an uppernonwoven layer 1502, a matching lower nonwoven layer 1502, 1503, a pairof carriers 1512, 1513 providing the side borders of the laminate 1511,and a plurality of mutually spaced apart elastic elements 1501 extendingbetween the carriers 1512, 1513 and sandwiched between the nonwovenlayers 1502, 1503. As compared to the output web O1, the elasticelements 1501 are now in an extended state, but remain laterallyoriented, thereby imparting cross-directional elasticity to the laminate1511.

Notably, the two carriers 1512, 1513 serve a handling function duringthe process. The carriers 1512, 1513 ensure that the configuration ofelastic elements is maintained as the webs O1, O1′ are processed. Thecarriers 1512, 1513 also provide a solid base for the components of thesystem 1601 to secure and handle (e.g., convey and stretch) webs O1,O1′.

As shown in the exemplary diagram of FIG. 16, the resulting laminate1611 is directed forward to a slitting mechanism 1634. In thisembodiment, the slitting mechanism(s) includes five slitters that severthe carriers 1512, 1513 from the laminate 1511 and slits the laminate1511 into four separate webs of yet another cross-directional elasticmaterial or multilayer elastic composite 1510 according an embodiment ofthe inventions. The slitters 1634 are positioned in alignment withslitting lines SS along the web O1′. In this embodiment, the set of fiveslitting lines SS is equally spaced apart and include slitting lines SSadjacent the carriers 1512, 1513. As a result, the slitters 1634 dividethe laminate 1511 into four separate but identical webs O2 of crossdirectional elastic composite 1510. Each of the four webs O2 is thendirected as web output O2 to a reel or spool. In further embodiments,the web output O2 of elastic composite 1510 may be packaged for easyhandling and for further processing, or fed directly into amanufacturing process.

Elastic Composites Having Dead Zones

In further embodiments, the preferred elastic composite is equipped witha pair of non-elasticized regions or dead zones, the utility of whichhas already been described. As generally known, the dead zones arepreferably situated on either lateral side of a central elastic regionhaving an elastic construction (as discussed previously). Various waysare envisaged to create the dead zones within methods of making theelastic composite according to the invention. In one exemplary method,an adhesive pattern is applied to the nonwoven web input. The adhesivepattern is selectively applied so that adhesive is provided only toareas of the nonwoven web wherein the elastic strands are to beretained.

To illustrate, FIG. 18 shows an elastic composite laminate 1511generated by a process such as that described above in respect to FIG.16 and in a stage prior to passage of the web of the laminate 1511through a set of slitting mechanisms. Tensioned elastic elements 1501are sandwiched between the upper and lower nonwoven webs 1502, 1503 andextend between the carriers 1512, 1513. In this example, adhesive isapplied only to prescribed areas of nonwoven webs 1512, 1513 (“adheredareas”), which areas are indicated as shaded areas A in FIG. 18. Theadhesive application means 1616 described previously are preciselypositioned over the path of the webs 1512, 1513 that correspond to theshaded areas A and operated to apply adhesive only to these areas A. Theareas between the shaded areas A (i.e., “non-adhered areas” indicated asun-shaded areas B in FIG. 18) in the resulting laminate 1511 are clearof adhesive such that the portions of the elastic elements 1501 foundtherein remain loose. As indicated by slitting lines SS, slittingmechanisms provided downstream are aligned with the center of thesenon-adhered areas B. As the web of the laminate passes the slitters, theelastics in the non-adhered areas B are cut. Furthermore, thenon-adhered areas B are divided into two sections. Each half sectionprovides, thereafter, one non-elastic or dead zone of the multi-layeredelastic composite 1510.

In the illustrated embodiment, a non-adhered area B is located adjacenteach of the two carriers 1512, 1513 and a slitting line SS is alignedalong the inside of the carrier 1512, 1513. As a result, the carrier1512, 1513 is cut and removed from the web during the slitting process.The formerly adjacent non-adhered area B remains as a dead zone of theresulting cross-directional elastic composite.

FIG. 19 illustrates yet another laminate 1911 (an elastic composite) inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. The illustrated laminate1911 helps explain an alternate method of making a cross directionalelastic composite featuring a pair of dead zones and a central elasticregion therebetween. According to this method, the step of applying anupper (or lower) nonwoven web 1902 is modified by providing severalfolds 1940 in the nonwoven web 1902. A suitable folding sub-process isone substantially equivalent to the sub-process described in respect toFIGS. 6-10, and are now known in the art. The web 1902 is pre-folded toprovide an excess folded section 1940 in the tensioned elastic compositeO1′ and in the resulting laminate 1911, as shown in FIG. 19 for the useof multiple folding boards. According to this embodiment, a slittingline SS is aligned with the center of each folded section 1940 much inthe same manner as described above in respect to FIG. 18. In theslitting step, each folded section is divided into two separate foldedsections and the elastic elements beneath the fold are severed. For eachresulting individual elastic composite, the two folded sections are thenunfolded to reveal dead zones on each side of a central elastic region.

Alternative Systems and System Components

FIG. 20 provides several simplified views of an alternative extendersubsystem or, simply extender 2002 for receiving the continuous output(continuous web of elastic composite 1310) O1 and for further alteringthe configuration of the elastic composite 1310. The extender 2002 isemployed to stretch the elastic composite 1310 and extend the lateralwidth XX of the web O1. Such extension may be executed just before orsimultaneous with the application of other materials on the web O1. Theextender 2002 also conveys the web of elastic composite O1 forwardlywhile maintain the elastics in tension.

The extender 2002 employs a suitable conveying means in the form of apair of endless belts or mechanical chains 2021, as shown in FIG. 21,and guides or rollers 2004. Referring to the side view of FIG. 20A, thechain 2021 is caused to move along a cyclical path through point Athrough point F. Affixed to the chain 2021 are engagement means 2007that releasably attach the carriers 1312, 1313 with the moving chain2021, thereby moving the web O1 forwardly. Referring to FIGS. 20A and20B, the carriers 1312, 1313 are engaged at or about Point A in thecyclical path. The two chains 2021 are then caused to move forwardly,but along two divergent directions towards point B, thereby moving thecarriers 1312, 1313 also along the divergent path. This stretches theindividual elastics of the elastic composite 1310 and extends thelateral space XX to a target width. Between points B and C, the chains2021 move in generally parallel relation. Other materials may be bondedto the elastic composite at this stage of the process (e.g., a nonwovenlaminate).

At point C, the carriers 1312, 1313 are released by the engagement means2007 and then conveyed to a subsequent, post-processing operation. Thetwo endless chains 2021 are passed along generally convergent directionsthrough points D to F before returning to point A.

FIGS. 21 and 22 depict a suitable conveying means and an engagementmeans that attaches the carriers 1311, 1312 to the chain 2021. The chain2021 is equipped (or includes) a series of gripper devices 2007 thatincludes movable clasps 2123. Suitable gripper devices and gripperchains are commercially available from Tsubakimoto Chain Co. of Japan.The gripper devices 2007 initiates the spring loaded, openable clasp2123 to grip onto the topsides of the nonwoven carrier 1312, 1313. Theclasp 2123 is opened when a force is exerted on the base of the gripperchain 2021 as in point MM in FIG. 21. This may be achieved by runningthe gripper chain 2021 about a roller 2004, such that the roller 2004strikes the base of the clasps 2123, thereby opening or diverting theclasp 2123 from the chain 2012 (“opened”). Referring also to FIG. 20,the gripper chain 2012 is configured to open the clasp 2123 at aboutpoint A, which point the carrier 1311, 1312 engages the gripper chain2021. The gripper chain 2021 is further configured to open the clasp2123 at later point C in the path so that the web output O1 (preferablylaminate) is released from the gripper chain 2021.

Other carrier engagement and gripper systems that may be used include afriction belt system, wherein the carrier is sandwiched between twobelts and driven by the moving belts. In yet other embodiments, theengagement means may grip the carrier by way of a vacuum that securesthe moving carrier to the periphery of each of a pair or set ofreciprocating drums or wheels. In one example, the outside of the drumsor wheels may be provided with perforations that fluidly communicatewith an internal volume or medium that is at vacuum pressure.

FIGS. 23 to 25 depict specific alternative means for engaging thecarrier 1310, 1313 to the reciprocating chain 2021. In furtheralternative systems, the carrier may be presented to the extender withholes that allow pins or other protruding engagement means to engage thecarrier. The non-woven for the carrier may be pre-supplied with theholes prior to entry into the inventive system. Alternatively, thecarrier may be pierced by a piercing mechanism provided upstream of theextender. In FIG. 23, the engagement means employ a continuous row ofneedles or pins 2323 that are affixed to the chain 2021. The nonwovencarrier 1311, 1312 is punctured by the pins 2323 as it is received bythe extender 2002 and is then conveyed by the moving chain 2021. FIGS.24A and 24B depict yet another suitable conveying means and engagementmeans that includes a series of cylindrical extrusions 2423 affixed tothe chain 2021. The cylindrical extrusions 2423 are configured to alignand engage holes or recesses 2433 provided in the carrier 1311, as bestshown in FIG. 24B. For each of the above alternative extender systems,the chain-type conveying means may be replaced with a belt.

FIG. 13D depicts an alternative system that employs or receives into theconveyor assembly 1309 two additional input webs of non-woven (I3 andI4) to double the output of the inventive system and process asdescribed previously in respect to FIGS. 13A-C. As before, non-woven webinput I1 is initially directed in between the upper and lower conveyors1314, 1315, before being redirected and conveyed atop the upper conveyor1314 whereon it receives the spun elastic WW. Then, the second nonwoveninput I2 is applied over the transversely applied elastics WW andnonwoven input I1. In this embodiment, nonwoven input web I3 is alsodirected in between the upper and lower conveyors, in a manner similarto the conveyance of I2. The non-woven input I3 is, however, redirectedand conveyed upon the lower conveyor 1315. With the nonwoven input I3moving in the reverse direction on the lower conveyor 1315, the spinhead 1317 applies elastic WW onto and about both conveyors 1414, 1315and both I1, I3 during each revolution. With the elastics appliedgenerally transversely thereupon, the fourth feed of nonwoven I4 isapplied to the sub-composite of the non-woven I3 and elastic elements.Two multi-layer elastic composites or sandwiches are conveyed by theupper and lower conveyors 1314, 1315, respectively, while joinedtogether by the continuous elastic strand WW. At this point, a slitteror other cutting mechanism 1334 placed in the path of each of the twocomposites preferably slits the composite centrally, thereby producingtwo separate but substantially identical carriers (as shown in FIG.13D). With the slitters 1334 cutting the nonwoven webs centrally on theupper and bottom conveyors, the two resulting webs of elastic compositeoutputs O1, O2 conveniently slides to either side of the conveyorassembly 1309 and is received for further processing.

The pattern or application of elastics on the output web O1, andultimately, on the resultant elastic composite 1310 may be altered inyet another way, as provided by the system shown in FIG. 25. The system2550 of FIG. 25 is similar to that described in U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication US-2008-0093015-A1, hereby incorporated as part of thepresent disclosure and for all purposes. In addition to a first sourceof elastic 2560, a second source of elastic 2561 (“dual feed”) isprovided to the system 2550 or more specifically, to the spin head 2507for application about the conveyors 2514, 2515 and the webs of nonwoveninput I1, O2. In preferred systems, the second feed 2561 is directedcentrally from one side of the system 2550 opposite of the first feed2560, as shown in FIG. 25 (and as described in US Pat. App. PublicationUS-2008-0093015-A1). With such a system modification, the pitch of theelastics applied may be increased. Furthermore, the speed of the processmay be increased by increasing the speed of the conveyors (but withoutincreasing the speed of the spin head).

In further embodiments, the pitch of the elastics in the elasticcomposite may be varied to achieve desired functionality. FIG. 26illustrates such an output web O1′ of elastic composite having elasticselements 1310 arranged at different pitches. In this embodiment, aresultant web O1′ has intermittent regions or zones of Z1 of normalpitch and normal elasticity followed by zones or regions Z2 of higherpitch and higher elasticity. The resultant output web O1 may be cut in asubsequent sub-process, at desired intervals, to provide sections ofelastic composite having distinct elastic regions. The elastic compositesections will have areas of increased elasticity and areas of reducedelasticity. Such variance in pitch is preferably achieved by varying thespeed of the conveyors, or, in alternative embodiments, by varying thespeed of the spin head.

It is further noted that, with this embodiment, the speed of the processmay be increased (doubled) relative to the “single feed” process, whilemaintaining the same number of elastic strands per unit length of thecomposite and without increasing the speed of the spinhead (but, byincreasing the speed of the conveyor). Alternatively, the number ofelastic strands per unit length may be increased (doubled) relative tothe “single feed” process with the spinhead speed and conveyor speedunchanged.

In one particular application, the sections are cut such that the regionproximate one cutting edge is generally provided with elastics at ahigher pitch and thus, higher elasticity, while the region proximate theopposite edge is generally provided with elastics at reduced pitch andthus, at reduced elasticity. Such an elastic composite may be suited forapplication and use as waistband or side panel, wherein the region ofhigher elasticity is positioned along a top waist edge of the disposableabsorbent article. In another embodiment, such an elastic composite andplacement provide a combination waistband and side panel (see e.g.,FIGS. 27A-C and accompanying description). In yet further embodiments,the pitch of the elastic composites may be gradually varied as opposedto being abruptly changed. The resultant output web will, therefore,gather more gradually to give a smoother appearance, and provide a morecontinuous sealing barrier above the core and crotch regions of thedisposable absorbent article.

FIGS. 27A, 27B, and 27C illustrate an advantageous application of theelastic composite 1310 according to the invention. Each of the Figuresdepict a disposable absorbent article 2710 having a central body 2711with a first waist region 2712, a second waist region 2713, and a crotchor core region 2714 therebetween. The waist regions 2712, 2713 (andcentral body 2711) are further defined by a waist end edge 2720 andappropriately shaped side margins 2721.

In these applications, the elastic composite 1310 is implemented toimpart elasticity to both the waistband and side panels of thedisposable absorbent article 2710. In FIG. 27A, a laminated elasticcomposite 1310 is shown affixed across the waist end edge 2720 of thecentral body 2711, and more specifically, atop a topsheet 2718 of thedisposable absorbent article 2710. The elastic composite 1310 provides alaminate or band that includes a first non-woven layer and a secondnon-woven layer sandwiching an arrangement of cross-directionalelastics. The ends 2770 of the elastic band extend past side margins2721 of the central body 2711. These ends 2770 provide the waistfastening ear regions or side panels of the disposable absorbent article2710. The elasticized portion between these waist fastening ends 2770 isdirectly affixed to the end edge 2770 of the central body 2711 andimparts elasticity thereto. This portion provides the elastic waistbandof the absorbent article 2710. In this way, the elastic composite bandprovides an efficient combination elastic waistband and pair of sidepanels of the disposable absorbent article. It should also be noted thatin further embodiments, the elastic composite may be implemented in boththe first and second waist regions 2712, 2713 of the article 2710.

In a typical manufacturing process, the elastic composite band issecured over the topsheet of the central body using suitable adhesivemeans and the like. As compared to conventional constructions, thecombination waistband-side panels of the invention achieves a reductionin attachment steps and attachment points. In conventionalconstructions, each of the two side panels and the waistband is aseparate multi-ply composite attached to a portion of the central body.Accordingly, the simpler construction of the combination waistband-sidepanel of the invention also provides materials cost savings.Furthermore, use of the elastic composite as a waistband replaces theneed for and use of much more expensive elastic film or frame.

In a further embodiment illustrated by FIGS. 27B and 27C, an elasticcomposite 1310 of the invention combines with the materials of astandard disposable absorbent article 2710 to provide a more integralcombination elasticized waist band and pair of side panels. In thisembodiment, the elastic composite 1310 has an open elastic region 1304and two nonwoven layered carriers 1311 at opposite ends. This elasticcomposite 1310 is simply applied over the backsheet 2719 (or to the“underside” of the topsheet 2718), whereby the open elastic region 1304is situated between the side margins 2721 of the central body 2711 andalong and inwardly of the waist end edge 2720. The topsheet 2718 issubsequently laid over the elastic composite 1310 to sandwich the openelastic region 1304 between the nonwoven layers. The elastic composite1310 provides therefore, the elastic waistband of the disposableabsorbent article 1310. Further in this embodiment, the carriers 1311remain connected with the open elastic region 1304. After assembly, thecarriers 1311 extend beyond the side margins 2721 of the central body2711, thereby establishing the ear region or waist fastening sidepanels. Moreover, because the carriers 1311 remain connected with theelastic region, the side panels are laterally elasticized by the“waistband.”

In an alternative design, both the topsheet and the backsheet of thecentral body of the disposable absorbent article are pre-shaped orpre-cut to provide regions that outline the side panel. The elasticcomposite of the invention is simply attached onto the backsheet (ortopsheet), and then the topsheet (or backsheet) is laid over the elasticcomposite. Suitable adhesive means is used to secure the multi-layeredcomposite. The carriers of the elastic composite, if still present, maybe trimmed off to refine the shape and look of the side panel.Accordingly, a combination waistband and side panels is formed moreintegrally with the central body of the disposable absorbent article.

The use of the inventive elastic composite to form a combined waist andside panel provides certain important advantages over systems utilizingseparate elastic materials as the side panel and waist elastic. Firstly,the elastic elements that form the elasticizing function of the waistpanel and the side panels are the same, and as such, there is acontinual connection of elastic material from one side panel to theopposite side panel as discussed above. As a result, any lateral forceapplied to the side panels is carried through and directly exertedaround the waist of the wearer. This achieves added comfort for thewearer, and helps maintain the article in the correct position about thewearer. Moreover, the improve fit of the article about the wearer alongwith the reduction of attachments and adhered areas, improves thewater-tight seal between the body of the wearer and the article.

The inventive combination waist panel and side panel also providessignificant cost savings. The nonwoven carriers may be utilized as theside panel upon which a fastening element can be affixed. The elasticstrands held between the nonwoven side edges provide the elasticmaterial to elasticize the waist and side panels. The elastic compositeallows for a practical and efficient way to process and placecross-machine direction strands in the waistband and side panel regionsof the article. Using elastic strands in this way is far more costefficient than using a stretchable film, foam or nonwoven for thewaistband and/or side panels. Among other reasons, conventional films orfoams are significantly more costly than elastic strands.

The foregoing description of the present invention has been presentedfor purposes of illustration and description. It is to be noted that thedescription is not intended to limit the invention to the varioussystems, apparatus, and processes disclosed herein. Various aspects ofthe invention, as described above, may be applicable to other types ofdisposable absorbent articles, garments, and the like, and processes formaking the same. For example, the elastic composite described above, maybe incorporated in other disposable absorbent garments such as trainingpants, etc. or in other areas or as other components of the garment. Theelastic composite may also be incorporated into or with other garments,textiles, fabrics, and the like, or combinations thereof. The elasticcomposite may also incorporate different components. For example, thecommon use of nonwoven webs for the top and/or bottom sheet material maybe replaced with use of another material such as a film material.Moreover, the various aspects of the process described in respect toFIGS. 11-27 may be utilized to produce compositions, garments andarticles other than those described herein. Such variations of theinvention will become apparent to one skilled in the relevant consumerproducts art provided with the present disclosure. Consequently,variations and modifications commensurate with the above teachings, andthe skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of thepresent invention. The embodiments described and illustrated herein arefurther intended to explain the best modes for practicing the invention,and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention andother embodiments and with various modifications required by theparticular applications or uses of the present invention.

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 27. A method of making an elasticcomposite comprising: conveying a first sheet of material; wrapping asection of elastic about the first sheet, thereby applying elasticscross directionally across the first sheet; applying a second sheet ofmaterial onto and into union with the first sheet having elasticsapplied thereon, whereby the elastics extend from the union through oneside of the union and encircle to return into the union though anotherside of the union; and cutting through the first and second sheets andthe elastics to generate an elastic composite, thereby separating theunion into two halves, each half including a first material layer and asecond material layer, whereby a plurality of spaced apart elasticelements extend from the first half to the second half to define anexposed elastic region therebetween.
 28. The method of claim 27, furthercomprising conveying the elastic composite by engaging each of the twohalves and moving the two halves forwardly.
 29. The method of claim 28,further comprising moving the two halves in divergent forwardlydirections thereby laterally extending the elastic composite.
 30. Themethod of claim 27, wherein the first sheet is conveyed by a conveyorand the wrapping step wraps the elastic about the conveyor and the firstsheet.
 31. A cross-directional elastic composite comprising: a firstlayered boundary having at least a first layer with a longitudinaldirection corresponding to a machine direction of the elastic composite;a second layered boundary having at least a first layer with alongitudinal direction corresponding to a machine direction of theelastic composite; and a plurality of mutually spaced apart,cross-directional elastic elements extending laterally from the firstboundary to the second boundary thereby forming an open elastic regiontherebetween.
 32. The cross-directional elastic composite of claim 31,wherein each boundary includes a first layer, a second layer, and endsof the elastic elements sandwiched therebetween, the layers extendinggenerally longitudinally in transverse relation with thecross-directional elastics, and wherein each boundary has a lateralwidth that is substantially less than a lateral width between the firstand second boundaries.
 33. A disposable absorbent garment comprising: atopsheet; and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and thebacksheet, wherein a longitudinal centerline extends through thetopsheet, backsheet, and absorbent core, and wherein the topsheet andthe backsheet define a front end edge and a back end edge through whichthe longitudinal centerline extends and a pair of side margins aredisposed on opposite sides of the core and extend between the end edges,and wherein the topsheet, backsheet, and absorbent core provide acentral body; and an elastic composite attached to the central body; theelastic composite having a first layered boundary having at least afirst layer with a longitudinal direction corresponding to a machinedirection of the elastic composite; a second layered boundary having atleast a first layer with a longitudinal direction corresponding to amachine direction of the elastic composite; and a plurality of mutuallyspaced apart, cross-directional elastic elements extending laterallyfrom the first boundary to the second boundary thereby forming an openelastic region therebetween.
 34. The disposable absorbent garment ofclaim 33, wherein each layered boundary includes a first layer, a secondlayer, and ends of the elastic elements sandwiched therebetween, thelayers extending generally longitudinally in transverse relation withthe cross-directional elastics; and wherein each boundary has a lateralwidth that is substantially less than a lateral width between the firstand second boundaries.
 35. The disposable absorbent garment of claim 33,wherein the elastic composite is attached along a front or back end edgeof the central body thereby elasticizing a waist end portion of thedisposable absorbent article.
 36. The disposable absorbent garment ofclaim 35, wherein the elastic composite extends laterally beyond theside margins to provide a pair of waist fastening side panels.
 37. Asystem of making a cross-directional elastic composite comprising: aconveyor for conveying a first sheet of nonwoven; a spinner positionedto spin a section of elastic about the conveyor including the firstsheet to apply elastics generally transversely thereon; a nonwoven inputfeed positioned forwardly of the spinner and in engagement with theconveyor to deliver a nonwoven sheet onto a moving substrate of thefirst sheet of nonwoven and elastics applied transversely thereon; and aslitter positioned upstream of the nonwoven input feed to slit asubcomposite of the first nonwoven, second nonwoven, and elasticssandwiched therebetween, thereby forming a new elastic composite havinga pair of layered carriers formed by the first and second nonwovens andends of the elastics therebetween, and an open elastic region betweenthe layered carriers.
 38. The system of claim 37, further comprising asecond conveyor positioned adjacent the first conveyor such that thespinner spins elastic about both the first and second conveyors and thesecond conveyor is positioned to convey the applied elastics forwardlyin unison with the first conveyor.
 39. The system of claim 37, furthercomprising an extender for receiving the new elastic composite andmoving the new elastic composite forwardly by engaging the carriers,wherein the extender includes two continuous engagement means configuredto travel about a reciprocal path including a portion at which oneengagement means deviates from the other engagement means to extend theelastic composite being moved therewith.